Rashidun Caliphs (632-661)

Abu Bakr - 632 - 634
Umar ibn al-Khattab - 634 - 644
Uthman ibn Affan - 644 - 656
Ali ibn Abi Talib - 656 - 661
Hasan ibn Ali - 661 (NOTE: Though he was caliph, most historians ignore his caliphate as it was shortlived.)

Umayyads Caliphs (661-750/1031)

Caliphs of Damascus (661-750)

Muawiyah I - 661 - 680
Yazid I - 680 - 683
Muawiyah II - 683 - 684
Marwan I - 684 - 685
Abd al-Malik - 685 - 705
Al-Walid I - 705 - 715
Sulayman - 715 - 717
Umar II - 717 - 720
Yazid II - 720 - 724
Hisham - 724 - 743
Al-Walid II - 743 - 744
Yazid III - 744
Ibrahim - 744
Marwan II - 744 - 750

Emirs of Córdoba (756-929)

Abd ar-Rahman I - 756 - 788
Hisham I - 788 - 796
al-Hakam I - 796 - 822
Abd ar-Rahman II - 822 - 852
Muhammad I - 852 - 886
al-Mundhir - 886 - 888
Abdallah ibn Muhammad - 888 - 912
Abd-ar-Rahman III - 912 - 929 (Declared himself Caliph)

Caliphs of Córdoba (929-1031)

Abd-ar-Rahman III - 929 - 961
Al-Hakam II - 961 - 976
Hisham II al-Hakam - 976 - 1009
Muhammad II - 1009
Sulayman ibn al-Hakam - 1009 - 1010
Hisham II al-Hakam, restored - 1010 - 1013
Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, restored - 1013 - 1016
Abd ar-Rahman IV - 1021 - 1022
Abd ar-Rahman V - 1022 - 1023
Muhammad III - 1023 - 1024
Hisham III - 1027 - 1031

Abbasid Caliphs (750-1258/1517)

Caliphs of Baghdad (750-1258)

As-Saffah - 750 - 754
Al-Mansur - 754 - 775
Al-Mahdi - 775 - 785
Al-Hadi - 785 - 786
Harun al-Rashid - 786 - 809
Al-Amin - 809 - 813
Al-Ma'mun - 813 - 833
Al-Mu'tasim - 833 - 842
Al-Wathiq - 842 - 847
Al-Mutawakkil - 847 - 861
Al-Muntasir - 861 - 862
Al-Musta'in - 862 - 866
Al-Mu'tazz - 866 - 869
Al-Muhtadi - 869 - 870
Al-Mu'tamid - 870 - 892
Al-Mu'tadid - 892 - 902
Al-Muktafi - 902 - 908
Al-Muqtadir - 908 - 932
Al-Qahir - 932 - 934
Ar-Radi - 934 - 940
Al-Muttaqi - 940 - 944
Al-Mustakfi - 944 - 946
Al-Muti - 946 - 974
At-Ta'i - 974 - 991
Al-Qadir - 991 - 1031
Al-Qa'im - 1031 - 1075
Al-Muqtadi - 1075 - 1094
Al-Mustazhir - 1094 - 1118
Al-Mustarshid - 1118 - 1135
Ar-Rashid - 1135 - 1136
Al-Muqtafi - 1136 - 1160
Al-Mustanjid - 1160 - 1170
Al-Mustadi - 1170 - 1180
An-Nasir - 1180 - 1225
Az-Zahir - 1225 - 1226
Al-Mustansir - 1226 - 1242
Al-Musta'sim - 1242 - 1258 (last Abbasid Caliph at Baghdad)

(During the latter period of Abbasid rule, Muslim rulers began using other titles, such as Sultan).

Caliphs of Cairo (1261-1517)

Al-Mustansir II - 1261 - 1262
Al-Hakim I - 1262 - 1302
Al-Mustakfi I - 1302 - 1340
Al-Hakim II - 1341 - 1352
Al-Mu'tadid I - 1352 - 1362
Al-Mutawakkil I - 1362 - 1383
Al-Wathiq II - 1383 - 1386
Al-Mu'tasim - 1386 - 1389
Al-Mutawakkil I (restored) - 1389 - 1406
Al-Musta'in - 1406 - 1414
Al-Mu'tadid II - 1414 - 1441
Al-Mustakfi II - 1441 - 1451
Al-Qa'im - 1451 - 1455
Al-Mustanjid - 1455 - 1479
Al-Mutawakkil II - 1479 - 1497
Al-Mustamsik - 1497 - 1508
Al-Mutawakkil III - 1508 - 1517

Other Caliphates (910-1269)

Fatimid Caliphs (910-1171)

Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah - 910 - 934
Muhammad al-Qa'im Bi-Amrillah - 934 - 946
Ismail al-Mansur - 946 - 953
Al-Muizz Lideenillah - 953 - 975
Abu Mansoor Nizar al-Aziz Billah - 975 - 996
Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah - 996 - 1021
Ali az-Zahir - 1021 - 1036
Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah - 1036 - 1094
Al-Musta'li - 1094 - 1101
Al-Amir - 1101 - 1130
al-Hafiz - 1130 - 1149
al-Zafir - 1149 - 1154
Al-Faiz - 1154 - 1160
Al-Azid - 1160 - 1171

Almohad Caliphs (1145-1269)

Abd al-Mu'min - 1145 - 1163
Abu Yaqub Yusuf I - 1163 - 1184
Yaqub al-Mansur - 1184 - 1199
Muhammad an-Nasir - 1199 - 1213
Abu Ya'qub Yusuf II - 1213 - 1224
Abd al-Wahid I - 1224
Abdallah al-Adil 1224-1227
Yahya - 1227 - 1235
Idris I - 1227 - 1232
Abdul-Wahid II - 1232 - 1242
Ali - 1242 - 1248
Umar - 1248 - 1266
Idris II - 1266 - 1269

Ottoman Caliphs (1451-1924)

Mehmed (Muhammed) II - 1451 - 1481
Bayezid II - 1481 - 1512
Selim I - 1512 - 1520
Suleiman the Magnificent - 1520 - 1566
Selim II - 1566 - 1574
Murad III - 1574 - 1595
Mehmed (Muhammed) III - 1595 - 1603
Ahmed I - 1603 - 1617
Mustafa I - 1617 - 1618
Osman II - 1618 - 1622
Mustafa I, restored - 1622 - 1623
Murad IV - 1623 - 1640
Ibrahim I - 1640 - 1648
Mehmed (Muhammed) IV - 1648 - 1687
Suleiman II - 1687 - 1691
Ahmed II - 1691 - 1695
Mustafa II - 1695 - 1703
Ahmed III - 1703 - 1730
Mahmud I - 1730 - 1754
Osman III - 1754 - 1757
Mustafa III - 1757 - 1774
Abdul Hamid I - 1774 - 1789
Selim III - 1789 - 1807
Mustafa IV - 1807 - 1808
Mahmud II - 1808 - 1839
Abdülmecid I - 1839 - 1861
Abdülaziz - 1861 - 1876
Murad V - 1876
Abdul Hamid II - 1876 - 1909
Mehmed (Muhammed) V - 1909 - 1918
Mehmed (Muhammed) VI - 1918 - 1922
Abdülmecid II - 1922 - 1924