Thursday, July 5, 2018

KKLT on de Sitter Vacua in String Theory

This is a string theory paper on cosmology that has been cited by 2532 papers till date (July 5, 2018). 

It was published in the Physical Review D in 2003 and the exact citation is Phys.Rev. D68 (2003) 046005. 

The authors are Shamit Kachru, Renata Kallosh, Andrei Linde and Sandip Trivedi.

The paper appeared on the arXiv as [hep-th/0301240].

It is about construction of meta-stable string vacua using highly warped Type IIB compactifications with both NS and RR non-trivial three form fluxes. 

Then using Euclidean D-instantons or gluino condensates AdS vaqua with stable moduli can be created.

Finally addition of anti-three branes in small amount lifts the vacua to meta-stable de Sitter vacua.

Then you can live in this universe for the duration that is larger than the life time of our cosmos.

See you need permission to live in your own universe. Authors assure us that the life time of the state will always be less than the recurrence time.

Polchinski wrote in the abstract of a review talk about these issues :

String theory has few or no stable non-supersymmetric or de Sitter vacua, only metastable ones. Anti-branes are a simple source of supersymmetry breaking, as in the KKLT model, but various arguments have been given that these fail to produce the desired vacua. Proper analysis of the system requires identifying the correct effective field theories at various scales. We find that it reproduces the KKLT conclusions.

That was in 2015.

In 2001 Giddings, Kachru and Polchinsti wrote in a paper's abstract :

Warped compactifications with significant warping provide one of the few known mechanisms for naturally generating large hierarchies of physical scales. We demonstrate that this mechanism is realizable in string theory, and give examples involving orientifold compactifications of IIB string theory and F-theory compactifications on Calabi-Yau four-folds. In each case, the hierarchy of scales is fixed by a choice of RR and NS fluxes in the compact manifold. Our solutions involve compactifications of the Klebanov-Strassler gravity dual to a confining N=1 supersymmetric gauge theory,and the hierarchy reflects the small scale of chiral symmetry breaking in the dual gauge theory.